1+Boreal+Cordillera

__**Boreal Cordillera**__

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**__ Introduction __**
T he Boreal Cordillera is located in the mid section of the CanadianRockyMountain system. This eco zone contains the mountains southern Yukon, and Northern British Columbia. It also spans 444 000 square kilometers. The area is generally characterized by the mountain ranges, which contain numerous high peeks, extensive plateau, and the intermontane plains. Much of the eco zone is geologically young, especially around 2787 meter high mountEdziza. The entire are of the eco zone is home to around 31000, and Whitehorse is the largest center since it has a population of 23000, more then half the entire population. The Boreal Cordillera also contains most of the Yukon’s population.

**__ Landform Region __**
Boreal Cordillera covers the north Section of British Columbia and the mid- Southernmost part the Yukon Territory. It is characterized with many mountain ranges. On the west side it’s bordered by the cost mountains as well as the Selwyn & Macken mountains. To the east, it goes as far as the Peace river county. It's also right above the Montane Cordillera. The Land is mainly covered by forests, valleys, mountains, and hills. It's actually located in the mid-section of the Canadian Rocky System. Some parts of the Ecozone are also covered by ice because of the ice age glaciers. They also caused Glacial Debris in Yukon Territory and the Klondike Plateau. The Region it’s located in is the Western Cordillera. The high peaks and the Plateaus were formed millions of years ago, when the North American tectonic plate collided with the Pacific plate. The collision caused Mountain chains in British Columbia and Yukon. Although in that 20, 000 years weathering, erosion and glaciations began to carve the relief of the RockyMountainPeaks.



**__ Rocks and Minerals __**
There are three types of rocks found in the Boreal Cordillera. Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. But it contains mostly igneous rock such as copper, gold, iron, and nickel. Some of the sedimentary rocks in the area are limestone and sandstone. The main economic activity is mining, particularly of gold. Zinc, silver, and lead are best known from the famous Klondike gold rush. Also found in this eco zone are very valuable and important mineral deposits. This includes Casino deposit (copper-gold-molybdenum), Carmacks deposit (copper-gold), and the mountNansen deposit (gold-silver). There are also several major hard rock mining properties. In the past there’s been the lead-zinc mine at Faro, and the Ketza river gold mine.


 * ==**__SOIL & VEGETATION:__**==

** Vegetation: **
The Boreal Cordillera region is vastly covered by a variety of vegetation ranging from shrubs to extensive forests. These areas of flora are comprised of white spruce, black spruce, alpine fir, murray pine, trembling aspen, balsam poplar and paper birch, ranging greatly in sizes to make the shrub filled and forested areas. These trees are not forested, harvested or farmed even though they grow throughout the whole year. Small areas of plants live on the mountains which include: moss, lichens and small meadows on theplateaus. Also there are small, nutrient rich valleys that contain rivers in which agriculture can be sustained. This is most residential areas are located as well. 

** Soil: **
The soil in the region has very diverse properties. On the slopes of the mountain there is almost no soil whatsoever and the rest of the mountain is completely rock. The lower ranges of the region are littered with debris and various parts of smaller plants. This variety of materials makes the subsoil very rich because most of the minerals are washed further into the soil by water and various fluids, leaving the topsoil with little nutrients. This means that plants without deep-reaching roots cannot survive, further limiting the variety of flora that can survive in this area. || . ||
 * [[image:eutric_brunisol_bcs.jpg width="188" height="272"]] ||  ||

The climate for Boreal Cordillera is usually filled with cold temperatures. The average temperature in the minter is -18°C, while the summer average is 10°C. This ecozone does not receive much precipitation. This is probably because of the mountains that are located on the west side. The yearly precipitation amount is around 400mm. A climate factor that is probably the most likely to occur in this region is Elevation. Especially since, they are located in an area that is surrounded by mountains. The highest precipitation is more towards the eastside of the mountains (Leeward). It can sometimes reach up to 1500mm. The coldest temperatures in Boreal Cordillera would probably be in the Klondike Plateau. Which usually is around -23°C.



__** Tourism: **__
Boreal Cordillera has a few active industries in tourism. As you already know it’s famous for where the Klondike Gold Rush took place. There are a few urbanized areas in this ecozone, like white horse, and Dawson. Although white horse is known as the commercial centre of Yukon Territory. Canoeing and Skiing are 2 really popular sports there. Canoeing is famous because in the summer the temperature is perfect, and also it near water. Like the Whitehorse river, also since its snows most of the year and have a lot of mountains. So skiing is really popular as well.



**__ Fun Facts __**

 * Forests cover 62%of this eco zone.
 * Boreal Cordillera nearly covers 4% of Canada
 * <span class="TextRun SCX211679361" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 16px;">Some common Boreal species are: woodland caribou, moose, grizzly and black bears, marten, lynx, etc.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman,Serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="TextRun SCX211679361" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 16px;">Some of Canada’s highest mountains tower in this region
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman,Serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="TextRun SCX211679361" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 16px;">Major industries and jobs: hunting, trapping, forestry, mining
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman,Serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="TextRun SCX211679361" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 16px;">In this region you can find the largest non polar ice fields and longest glaciers, as well as 100 450 meter deep canyons

**__ Eco Zones Future __**
<span class="TextRun SCX211679361" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 16px;">Mining has historically been economically important for this eco zone, the Klondike Gold Rush being the best known incident. Most mines have closed down recently and forestry is becoming more important. Wherever mines have been, their toxic tailings and environmental damage have long lasting effects.

**__ Sources __**

 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman,Serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;"> [|__http://www.pc.gc.ca/apprendre-learn/prof/itm2-crp-trc/pdf/ecozone05_e.pdf__] <span class="TextRun SCX211679361" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 16px;">.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman,Serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__http://Canadianbiodiversity.mcgill.ca/english/ecozones/borealcordillera/borealcordillera.htm__]
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman,Serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__http://ecozones.ca/english/zone/BorealCordillera/index.html__]
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman,Serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;"> [|__http://www.emr.gov.yk.ca/oilandgas/pdf/bmp_boreal_cordillera_ecozone.pdf__] <span class="TextRun SCX211679361" style="font-family: Arial,Sans-Serif; font-size: 16px;">.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman,Serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__http://borealcordill.livejournal.com/__]
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman,Serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__http://ecozones.ca/english/zone/borealcordillera/human.html__]
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman,Serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__http://ecozones.ca/english/zone/borealcordillera/ecoregions.html__]
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman,Serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__http://www.glogster.com/media/5/30/50/86/30508643.jpg__]
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman,Serif; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__http://www.freewebs.com/bcordillera123/soils.htm__]