5+Boreal+Shield

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Andy, Marko, Mustafa Ms. Creighton CGC1D1 29 October 2011 Canada’s Ecozones: The Boreal Shield 
 * || Dark green is Boreal Shield ||  ||

You may have heard of landform regions, climate regions, soil regions, vegetation regions, but do you know what terrestrial ecozones are? Well if you don’t, ecozones are a classification system that categorizes different parts of the environment with similar geography, vegetation, and animal/plant life. These are all pretty similar, landform regions categorize different landforms, climate regions categorize climates, soil categorizes different types or conditions of soils and vegetation regions categorize similar vegetations. Ecozones are basically a categorization of all these factors put together. We picked the Boreal Shield to talk about on this report, as the fact that it covered most of Canada caught our eyes. Did you know that more than 80% of the Boreal Shield is covered with forests? Or that the Boreal Shield plants actually filters our water, provides us with cleaner air, and helps regulate climate? Well, if you didn’t and you are interested in learning more, keep reading! The categories we will talk about will be in this order: **Landform Region ** Most of the Boreal Shield is located in the Canadian Shield landform region. This region covers more than half of Canada (extends 3,800 km all through Newfoundland and Labrador to Saskatchewan) and is the biggest ecozone! Most of this region is relatively flat, with many plains and low hills. You will also find lots of rounded hills of rock, which are actually roots of ancient mountains. There were no faulting or folding of rocks in this area, however there was erosion. This affected the Boreal Shield’s landscape because the mountains were levelled by wind and ice, which also resulted in thin soil and many lakes. The Canadian Shield (Boreal Shield) was formed during the Precambrian era. **Rocks and Minerals ** Did you know Canada is the remains of a volcano from the supercontinent Pangaea? All the molten rock cooled and formed Canada. But about 200 million years ago, after Pangaea spread apart, Canada landed right on top of a tectonic plate. So lucky for us, we don’t have to deal with many earthquakes, volcanoes or tsunamis! On another subject, most of Canada’s metallic minerals come from the Boreal Shield? This area is made up of Igneous and Metamorphic rock. An igneous rock is rock formed from cooled magma (hot liquid in the Earth’s mantle). An example of an igneous rock is granite, which is commonly used for countertops, tiles, curbing, etc. The other type of rock, metamorphic is rock formed by heat and pressuring of any type of rock, diamonds and marbles are both examples of this. But it takes thousands or even millions of years to form these rocks!  Large deposits of lead, gold, nickel, copper, zinc and other minerals are found in this area. Thus the nickname, //storehouse of Canada’s metallic minerals//. Vast deposits of diamonds were also recently found where ancient volcanoes previously were. The rocks from the Precambrian era don’t contain fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas) because they were formed way back before organisms that produced fossil fuels even existed. These mineral deposits were formed by the minerals that were in the magma beneath the Earth’s crust. As magma rose toward the surface, it intruded into cracks and cavities in the shield rock. As it cooled, minerals became part of the newly formed igneous. **Vegetation and Soil ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;"> This ecozone is mostly a part of the Boreal and Taiga forest vegetation region, and the wet-climate soils region. The growing season in this area is usually 130 to 190 days long each year. The soil is very heavily leached, due to the cold climate. Because it is cold, the water in the bed rock does not evaporate and give its minerals to the topsoil as much. The humus layer is also not very thick and poor and nutrients, as of this, not many plants can grow in this region (soil also acidic). There are many swampy areas and places with visible bare rock. There is forestry in the Boreal Shield; almost 85% of the ecozone is forested! Most of the trees are coniferous. Trees you will see a lot of in this area are: White Spruce, Black Spruce, Balsam Fir, Tamarack, Trembling Aspen, Balsam Polar, White Pine, Red Pine, Jack Pine, Easter White Pine, Red Maple, Mountain Maple, Eastern Red Cedar, Eastern Hemlock, Black Ash, Speckled Alder, Pin Cherry, Paper Birch, and White Birch. These trees are harvested for pulp, paper, and lumber. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">But these trees aren’t only used by logging companies; they provide food and oxygen for animals. Animals such as: woodland caribou, barren-ground caribou, white-tailed deer, and moose. Of course this is only a small fraction of the wildlife in this region. There are carnivores, birds, fish, insects, etc.
 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">1. Landform Region
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">2. Rocks and Minerals
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">3. Vegetation and Soil
 * 4) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">4. Climate and Climograph
 * 5) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">5. Tourism and Its Effects
 * 6) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">6. Future of the Boreal Shield
 * 7) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">7. Fun Facts
 * 8) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">8. Trivia
 * 9) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">9. Sources

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Though agriculture only takes up only 2.3% of Canada’s GDP (about 1.6 trillion); that is still $36.8 million! There are four main types of agriculture in Canada, grain farms, livestock farms, specialized farms, and mixed farms. The biggest category of these in the Boreal Shield is specialized farms that farm tree fruits and vegetables. But most of the farming industry is in southern Ontario near Lake Erie, where it is filled with tobacco farms. Agriculture is a threat because the conversion to agricultural land destroys habitats of many animals and may also greatly change the amount of carbon that can be held in the ecosystem. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Climate and Climograph ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Boreal Shield is mostly in the Boreal region. The climate in this area is fairly cold with little to moderate annual precipitation. The precipitation is usually 400 to 1000mm but it sometimes goes up to even 1600mm a year! The average yearly temperature is 2.5°C. The winters in this area are generally long and cold, with an average temperature of about -15°C. While, the summers are short and warm, with an average temperature of about 17°C. The climate factors that affect this region are wind and air masses, near water and latitude. Canada is affected by the cold dry air that comes from the arctic, thus giving this region an extremely cold climate, but on the bright side, there are no major air masses that mean so we won’t have any cyclonic precipitation. The west and east ends of the Boreal Shield is also affected by the cold Alaska Current (cools the west side of the Boreal Shield) and the cold Labrador Current (cools the east side). The type of precipitation in this area would have to be convectional, as the land is flat and the mountains were levelled a long time ago. In the summers, uneven heating occurs, hence the convectional precipitation. However, most precipitation in this area is in the form of snow. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Total annual precipitation is 711.6mm. Average annual temperature is 2.5°C. The temperature range is 32.4°C. Thunder Bay has a continental climate. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">Thunder Bay, Ontario Canada Climate Statistics

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Tourism and Its Effects ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;"> The Boreal Shield is a huge attraction to outdoor enthusiasts and landscapers. Tourism can help the environment because the tourism industry brings in millions of dollars each year! So why would the government want to kill the hen that lays golden eggs? Thus they will try even harder to preserve the forests and wildlife. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Future of Boreal Shield ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;"> As of now, the future of the Boreal Region is not looking good. The biggest threat is exploration and development of oil and natural gas. As of the conflicts in the middle-east and the high demand for fossil fuels (many other factors, these are the main ones) exploration of oil and natural gas has dug its claws. The coniferous trees as you may know are very slow growing and they may not recover from this if the development and exploration continues. Another threat is, as always, global warming. As the planet warms southern parts of the Boreal Shield, it will become so warm that the deciduous trees will end up outcompeting and replacing the coniferous trees. Finally, though this isn’t the biggest threat, if deforestation is undergone faster than the trees can recover, we could end up in overexploiting many species of trees in the region. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Fun Facts ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Did you know that the Boreal Shield has a high population compared to other ecozones, but even with almost 3 million people living in this region, that’s still only ½ the population of Greater Toronto Area’s population! The population is so high because of the mining industry, logging, recreation, fishery, and tourism. All kinds of people live in this ecozone so there are varieties of activities they do for entertainment. There are people who are Christian, Roman Catholic, Buddhist, Chinese, Swedish, British, Canadian, Italian, First Nation, and so many people who have their own definition of entertainment. Tourist attractions in this area would have to be the Great Slave Lake and the Great Bear Lake, they are one of the top 5 biggest lakes in North America, and the Great Bear Lake is the biggest in Canada. Another tourist attraction would be the Virginia Falls, with the height of almost twice Niagara Falls! **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Trivia ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) Short and warm <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) Short and cold <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) Long and warm <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) Long and cold <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">e) None of the above <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">Answers   media type="youtube" key="6OqdzGrCeRk" height="315" width="420" align="center"
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Highest Monthly Temperature || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">17.6°C ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Lowest Monthly Temperature || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">14.8°C ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Temperature Range || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">32.4°C ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Average Annual Temperature || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">2.5°C ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Total Precipitation || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">711.6mm ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Snow Fall Equivalent || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">1876mm ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Season of most Precipitation || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Summer ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Length of Growing Season || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">213 days (7 months) ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Classification || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Continental ||
 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">1. The winters in this ecozone is <Multiple Choice> :
 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">2. The Boreal Shield is a landform region. <T or F>
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">3. Why do you think this area is so popular for people to live in? <Short answer>
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">4. How were the mineral deposits of this landform region formed? <Short answer>
 * 4) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">5. How does the Boreal Shield affect our everyday lives? <Long answer>
 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">1. //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">d //
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">2. True
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">3. This area is so popular for people to live in because it provides them with many jobs and is big in the fishing industry, hunting and trapping, recreation, logging, mining, etc.
 * 4) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">4. The mineral deposits were formed by the minerals in molten rock beneath the Earth’s Crust. Magma rose toward the surface and intruded into cracks and cavities. As it cooled, minerals became part of the newly formed igneous.
 * 5) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">5. The Boreal Shield affects us because the plants filter our air and water, holds the soil together so that our water doesn’t get polluted, the forests also store carbon in peat deposits, soils, lake sediments, and trees. This help regulate the Earth’s climate (prevents carbon to be released as carbon dioxide or methane, which cause climate change). Also, the Boreal Shield increases our economy and provides many families with jobs. A lot of the world’s mining, oil and gas production, hydroelectric generation, tourism and harvesting of natural products occur here. About 14 percent of Canadians needs these industries in order to make a living.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; line-height: 24px;"> Videos **

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**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Sources/Works Cited ** <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">Web Resources <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">"borealforest.org" //borealforest.org// N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://www.borealforest.org/index.php?category=world_boreal_forest&page=overview>. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">1850s, the, and the Province of Canada. "Thunder Bay - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." //Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia//. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thunder_Bay>. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">1960s, the late, Canada, and particularly Lake Erie. "Environment Canada - Water - Phosphorus and Excess Algal Growth." //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Environnement Canada - Environment Canada //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://www.ec.gc.ca/grandslacs-greatlakes/default.asp?lang=En&n=6201FD24-1>. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">:. "Activities & Attractions, Attractions in Northern Ontario, Canada." //Canadian Fishing, Vacations, Adventures, Ecotours, Outdoor Travel Ontario's Sunset Country!// N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://www.ontariossunsetcountry.ca/category.cfm/code/311/tbid/1>. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">"ATTRACTIONS ONTARIO - Attractions News." //ATTRACTIONS ONTARIO - Your all-in-one Ontario Tourism site!//. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://www.attractionsontario.ca/index.cfm?DSP=chapter&ID=7&ACT=Display&NewsID=1184>. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">"BibMe: Fast & Easy Bibliography Maker - MLA, APA, Chicago, Turabian - Free." //BibMe: Fast & Easy Bibliography Maker - MLA, APA, Chicago, Turabian - Free//. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://www.bibme.org/>. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Bryan. "Canadian Shield." //Redirect to ILS Site//. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://projects.cbe.ab.ca/ict/2learn/kdwajda/alberta/studentwork/shield.htm>. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">"Canada Climate Index." //World Climate//. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://www.climate-charts.com/Countries/Canada.html>. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">"Canadian Biodiversity: Ecozones: Boreal Shield." //Canadian Biodiversity Web Site//. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://canadianbiodiversity.mcgill.ca/english/ecozones/borealshield/borealshield.htm>. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">"Canadian Biodiversity: Ecozones: Canada's Ecozones." //Canadian Biodiversity Web Site//. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://canadianbiodiversity.mcgill.ca/english/ecozones/ecozones.htm>. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">"Canadian Biodiversity: Ecozones: Physical Conditions in Canada." //Canadian Biodiversity Web Site//. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://canadianbiodiversity.mcgill.ca/english/ecozones/physical.htm>. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">"Canadian Council on Ecological Areas." //Canadian Council on Ecological Areas//. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://www.ccea.org/>. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">"Canadian Shield." //Redirect to ILS Site//. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://projects.cbe.ab.ca/ict/2learn/kdwajda/canada/studentwork/shield.htm>. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">"Climate." //City of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada - Official Website//. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://www.thunderbay.ca/CEDC/Reports_and_Publications/Community_Profile_Facts_and_Statistics/Climate.htm>. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">"Climate." //City of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada - Official Website//. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://www.thunderbay.ca/Visiting/About_Thunder_Bay_and_Region/climate.htm>. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">"Climate." //City of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada - Official Website//. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://www.thunderbay.ca/CEDC/Reports_and_Publications/Community_Profile_Facts_and_Statistics/Climate.htm>. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">"Climate Change, Deforestation, Biomes and Ocean Currents, Plankton, Endangered Species - Earth Web Site." //Earth//. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://www.theglobaleducationproject.org/earth/global-ecology.php>. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">"Coniferous Forest : Mission: Biomes." //NASA Earth Observatory : Home//. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Experiments/Biome/bioconiferous.php>. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">"Evergreen - Canada's Ecozones." //Evergreen - Home//. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://www.evergreen.ca/en/resources/native-plants/canada-ecozones.sn>. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">"How do you make a climate graph on microsoft excel? - Yahoo! Answers." //Yahoo! Answers - Home//. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070612174212AAZtDZK>. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Keller, WKW. "boreal shield climate region - Google Search." //Google//. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://www.google.ca/search?gcx=w&ix=c2&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&q=boreal+shield+climate+region#pq=boreal+shield+climate+graph&hl=en&sugexp=ernk_lssbd%2Clf%3D90%2Css%3D94%2Cse%3D98&cp=12&gs_id=2e&xhr=t&q=thunder+bay+weather&pf=p&sclient=psy-ab&source=hp&p>. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">"Notes - Canadian Shield." //Redirect to ILS Site//. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://projects.cbe.ab.ca/ict/2learn/jwfech/geography/north/canadian_shield/Canadian%20Shield%20Notes.htm>. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">"Over the Canadian Shield." //Lacus Veris//. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://www.lacusveris.com/The%20Hi-Line%20and%20the%20Yellowstone%20Trail/The%20Bois%20Brule/The%20Canadian%20Shield.shtml>. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">"Parks Canada - Home." //Parcs Canada | Parks Canada//. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://www.pc.gc.ca/eng/index.aspx>. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">"Redirect Notice." //Google//. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://www.google.ca/imgres?q=air+currents+map&start=18&num=10&um=1&hl=en&biw=1360&bih=653&tbm=isch&tbnid=pKpCwGFw_-Z5_M:&imgrefurl=http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/Water/ocean_gyres.html&docid=HW7BuTzUH2P-YM&imgurl=http://www.windows2universe.org/ea>.// //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">"The Atlas of Canada - Forested Ecozones." //Welcome to the Atlas of Canada / Bienvenue Ã l'Atlas du Canada//. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/environment/forest/forestcanada/forestedecozones/1>.// //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">"The forest biome." //UCMP - University of California Museum of Paleontology//. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/exhibits/biomes/forests.php>.// //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">"Thunder Bay Ontario Canada Climate Statistics, with Monthly Temperatures, Precipitation, & Snowfall, including Thunder Bay Weather Extremes." //El Dorado Weather World Weather Site | World Forecasts, Annual Climate, Maps & Current World Conditions//. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://www.eldoradocountyweather.com/canada/climate2/Thunder%20Bay.html>.// //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">"Thunder Bay Ontario Canada Yearly Climate Averages, with Annual Temperature Graph, and Annual Precipitation Graph." //El Dorado Weather World Weather Site | World Forecasts, Annual Climate, Maps & Current World Conditions//. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://www.eldoradocountyweather.com/canada/climate/thunderbayclimate.html>.// //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">"air currents map - Google Search." //Google//. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://www.google.ca/search?gcx=c&ix=c2&q=air+currents+map&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&biw=1360&bih=653&sei=%20_netTs_IO8fs0gH56ZGrAg#um=1&hl=en&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=air+currents+map&pbx=1&oq=air+current&aq=1&aqi=g3g-m4g-S3&aql=1&gs_sm=e>.// //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">butts, careless humans throwing cigarette. " The Wilderness Classroom Â» The Canadian Shield's Boreal Forest." //The Wilderness Classroom - The Wilderness Classroom//. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://www.wildernessclassroom.com/www/schoolhouse/boreal_library/animals/ecology.htm>.// //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">"canadaair currents - Google Search." //Google//. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://www.google.ca/search?pq=canada%5C+air+currents&hl=en&sugexp=ernk_lssbd,lf%3D90,ss%3D94,se%3D98&cp=7&gs_id=u&xhr=t&q=canada%5C+air+currents&gs_sm=&gs_upl=&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.,cf.osb&biw=1360&bih=653&um=1&ie=UTF-8&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi#um>.// //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">parks, visiting these, and with. "Canadian National Parks and Tourist Attractions." //Best Place to Live: Oh Canada!//. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://www.swanparadise.com/Canadian-National-Parks.html>.//

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">Book Resources //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Clark, Bruce, John Wallace, and Kim Earle. //Marking Connections Canada’s Geography.// 2nd ed. Don Mills, <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Ontario: Pearson Education Canada, 2006. 118-75. Print. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">Video Resources